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Antenna Array Pattern Visualiser

Interactive beam pattern for Uniform Linear Arrays (ULA) and Uniform Rectangular Arrays (URA). See the exact amplitude and phase weight on every element, plus HPBW, SLL, directivity, taper efficiency and grating lobe detection — all updating in real time.

Array Type
ULA Parameters
16
0.50λ
0°
Amplitude Taper
Display
40 dB
Element Pattern
ULA Orientation
Array Factor + Element Pattern
HPBW
—°
First SLL
—dBc
Directivity
—dBi
Scan Angle
—
Grating Lobes
—
Aperture
—λ
Taper Eff.
—%
Gain Loss
—dB
Element Diagram — ULA Amplitude & Phase Weights size & colour = amplitude · purple label = steering phase
Low weight
High weight | purple labels = steering phase (°)
Amplitude Taper — Weights per Element
Element Weight Table
#Position (λ)AmplitudeWeight (dB)Phase (°)Level
Array orientation: Array along x-axis. θ = elevation from broadside (0° = broadside, ±90° = endfire).
Array Factor: AF(θ) = Σₙ wₙ·e^(jn·ψ) ψ = 2πd·sinθ + β β = −2πd·sinθ₀
URA separability: AF(θ,φ) = AFx · AFy. The taper bar chart shows wx and wy separately. The weight table has separate tabs for wx and wy.
Taper efficiency: η = |Σwₙ|² / (N·Σ|wₙ|²) · Gain loss = 10·log(η) dB.
Grating lobes appear when d > λ/(1+|sinθ₀|).

About the Antenna Array Pattern Visualiser

An antenna array combines multiple individual elements to achieve a beam pattern that a single element cannot provide — narrow beamwidth, high directivity, beam scanning or shaped coverage.

Uniform Linear Array (ULA)

A ULA consists of N identical antenna elements equally spaced along a line. The amplitude taper, weights and steering phases are shown in a single bar chart and table.

URA 2D Taper

A URA is separable: the 2D weight for element (m,n) = wx[m] × wy[n]. The taper bar chart shows wx and wy in two separate side-by-side panels. The weight table has tabs to switch between the x-axis (wx) and y-axis (wy) weight lists. The element diagram shows the full Nx × Ny grid colour-coded by the 2D product wx[m]×wy[n].

Taper Efficiency

Every taper other than uniform incurs a directivity loss. Taper efficiency η = |Σwₙ|² / (N·Σ|wₙ|²) quantifies this. Stats are shown for the x-axis taper; for a separable URA, wy has identical stats when Nx=Ny with the same window.